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Heterogeneity of plastic residue was determined by both mulch film and external plastic pollutants in the farmland of Northeast China
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The study investigated the abundance, mass, and accumulation areas of plastic residue (PR) of mulch film (MF) and non-MF (NMF) in a large vegetable field in Northeast China. Geostatistics and classical statistics were used to understand how pollution sources and migration factors affect PR heterogeneity in farmlands. Results showed that the MF type was polyethylene (PE), accounting for 79.1% of total PR, while NMF accounted for 20.9%. NMF-polypropylene and NMF-PE accounted for 45.3% and 39.7% of total NMF, respectively. The spatial autocorrelation of mass and accumulation areas of MF was positive, with clustering in the 0-20 cm soil layer. Landfill and residential areas were critical sources of PR. To reduce PR pollution, farmland tillage should be avoided during strong wind speeds, especially near the pollution source.

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