The harmful effects of micro(nano)plastics (MNPs) on agroecosystems are becoming more concerning. However, little is known about how MNP size and leaf features affect MNP bioaccumulation, cellular localisation, and translocation.In this study, foliar exposure to 80 nm and 500 nm polystyrene (PS) MNPs in soil-grown maize and soybean plants was studied. Trichomes and smaller sizes increased PS MNP deposition on crop leaf surfaces. 500 nm PS was mostly on the leaf epidermis and little in the apoplast or cytoplasm, regardless of crop species. 80 nm PS entered maize leaves via stomatal and cuticular routes, while soybean leaves were penetrated by a single cuticular pathway owing to trichomes. After that, 80 nm PS emerged in the apoplast and cytoplasm and entered the vasculature via apoplastic and symplastic routes. Interaction of 80 nm PS with n-alkanes and esters showed that placing 80 nm PS on leaves caused a remarkable ‘wax degradation’, i.e., phase transition of wax ultrastructure from crystalline to amorphous. These findings give a scientific basis for understanding MNPs’ environmental behaviours and physiological impacts in air-vegetation systems, which may be used to assess food safety hazards.
The Ocean Plastics Charter aims to bring together leading countries, sub-national governments, businesses, and civil society organisations to commit to a more resource-efficient and sustainable approach to keep plastics in the economy and out of the environment. With this charter, it aims to transition to a more sustainable and resource-efficient method of managing plastics. Through[…]
These regulations are intended to promote sustainable development, food security, and the sustainable management of fishing activities in Palau’s waters. They also intend to create economic returns, employment generation, and export earnings from the sustainable harvesting of tuna and tuna-like species by encouraging the development of domestic fishing industries and a local tuna market. These[…]
This subchapter E of Title 40 of the Code of Federal Regulations outlines the pesticide programs, including registration and classification procedures, policies, special review procedures, standards, labelling requirements, packaging requirements, data requirements, and good laboratory practice standards. It also covers state registration of pesticide products, rules of practice governing hearings under the federal Insecticide, Fungicide,[…]
The Plastics Roadmap aims to decrease littering and other environmental harm brought on by plastics, prevent needless use, enhance plastic recycling, and replace traditional polymers derived from fossil fuels combined with various substances and liquids. To guarantee more focus on sustainable product development, reuse, product recyclability, and the growing usage of recovered plastics, these objectives[…]
The regulations aim to enhance aquaculture pollution prevention and control, protect aquatic ecosystems, ensure product quality and safety, and promote sustainable development. They consist of 24 articles divided into four sections: general provisions, delimitation of prohibited areas, pollution prevention and control, and environmental monitoring and supervision of fishery waters.